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Great Lakes Chicago Il - The Great Lakes megalopolis consists of a group of metropolitan areas in North America that are mostly in the Great Lakes region. It ranges from the Midwestern United States in the south and west to western Pennsylvania and western New York in the east and north through southern Ontario to southwestern Quebec in Canada. It is the most populous and largest megalopolis in North America.

As a whole, the region in the United States cuts a wide swath from the twin cities of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota in the west, south to St. Louis and Louisville, Kentucky, and east to Rochester, New York; in Canada it continues northeast towards Quebec City. This larger region had an estimated population of 59,144,461 in 2011 and is expected to reach a population of about 65 million by 2025. Within this larger region is a core area of ​​more continuous urban development that includes Chicago, Milwaukee, Grand Rapids, South Bd, Detroit-Windsor, Columbus, Cleveland, Toledo, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Rochester, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal and the metropolitan areas in between.

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The region was partially outlined as an emerging megalopolis in the 1961 book Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States by French geographer Jean Gottmann. Gottmann envisions the development of other American megalopolises: from Boston to Washington, D.C., from Chicago to Pittsburgh, and from San Francisco to San Diego.

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In the 1960s and 1970s, urban planner and architect Constantinos Doxiadis wrote books, studies and reports on the potential growth of the Great Lakes Megalopolis.

Doxiadis sees Detroit (on the US-Canada border across from Windsor) as the central urban area of ​​this megalopolis, which he describes as "from Milwaukee and Chicago to Detroit, Pittsburgh and Buffalo and into Canada from Windsor to Montreal and Quebec".

In 2005, the Virginia Tech Metropolitan Institute's Beyond Megalopolis, an attempt to update Gottmann's work, outlined a similar "Midwest" megalopolis area to one of the areas in the United States (Canada is mentioned tangentially).

The Canadian part of the region is also called the Quebec City–Windsor corridor, and the largest part of southern Ontario has long been known as the Gold Horseshoe.

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There are many government jurisdictions throughout the megalopolis. In addition to the federal governments of the United States and Canada, there are many American states. and two Canadian provincial jurisdictions, and several counties and local governments. Most of the states joined the provinces to form the Conference of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence governors and premiers to coordinate economic and vironmtal strategies in most of the region.

According to the Brookings Institution, if it were a single country, the economy of the Great Lakes region, which includes most of the Great Lakes Megalopolis, would be one of the largest economic entities in the world with a gross regional product of $4.5 trillion. , almost the same as Japan. The five Great Lakes contain one-fifth of the world's surface fresh water and have a combined coastline of 17,017 km. Approximately 200 million tonnes of cargo are shipped on the Great Lakes each year.

The Chicago metropolitan area is the largest megalopolis economy with over $770 billion in annual GDP. Tourism is also important for the overall economy of the region. The Great Lakes Cruising Coalition supports passenger cruising through joint US-Canadian voyages to Great Lakes Ports and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.

The Great Lakes Megalopolis is home to many prestigious institutions of higher education. Two founding members of the Association of American Universities (AAU): the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois and the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan are located in the region. The University of Chicago and Northwestern University in the Chicago area are two highly ranked universities in the world. Other major universities include the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario; McGill University in Montreal, Quebec; Carnegie Mellon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana.

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The region also contains large multi-campus state university systems such as the University of Illinois System, University of Minnesota System, University of Missouri System, University of Wisconsin System, University System of Ohio, Indiana University System, and Purdue University System. .

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The Great Lakes Megalopolis includes the following major inter-urban corridors provided by highway and passenger rail to the core and fringe areas of the megaregion. Large waterways for shipping and navigation are also shown where possible. Amtrak in the United States and Via Rail in Canada provide passenger service, while most Class I freight rail services also connect these points. Major rail freight services in Canada and the United States are provided by railroads owned by Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway.

This corridor occupies the northwestern border of the megalopolis. It occupies northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin, and parts of eastern Minnesota. Interstate 94 and Amtrak rail run almost parallel from Chicago to Minneapolis/St. Paul through Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin.

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Interstate 65 extends from the Chicago area southeast to Indianapolis, where Interstate 74 passes through Cincinnati. Amtrak has regular service on the same route.

Interstate 90 and Amtrak run almost parallel to the core area of ​​the megalopolis from Chicago to Cleveland through South Bd, Indiana and Toledo, Ohio to the eastern fringe area that includes Buffalo and Rochester, New York. Amtrak also has a passenger rail service from Cleveland to Pittsburgh that is almost identical to Interstate 76. The main waterway deviates significantly north of the overland route from Chicago to Detroit. It runs north along Lake Michigan, east of the Straits of Mackinac, south of Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, and Lake St. Clair to the Detroit River. From this point the water route is almost identical to the land route to Rochester via Lake Erie, the Welland Canal and Lake Ontario.

Interstate 94 takes a more northerly route than I-90 through the megalopolis core east of Chicago. It extends from that city to the west of the Windsor-Quebec City Corridor through Kalamazoo, Ann Arbor, Detroit and Port Huron, Michigan/Sarnia, Ontario. This interstate highway also parallels the Amtrak train service. The main water route is the same as the western portion of the Chicago-Rochester Water Corridor from Lake Michigan to the Detroit River. Amtrak also serves this route with Wolverine service, between Chicago and Pontiac via Ann Arbor and Detroit.

The Windsor-Quebec City Corridor lies along the northeastern border of the Great Lakes megalopolis. Canada's wheel section of the wider megaregion is sometimes considered a separate megalopolis. Major highways include Highway 401 and Highway 417 in Ontario which connect to Autoroute 20 and Autoroute 40 in Quebec respectively. Highway 416 and Autoroute 50 connect the National Capital Region with Highway 401 and the Montreal area, but the two highways do not connect directly across the Ontario-Quebec border. Passenger train service is provided in both provinces by the Via Rail Corridor Service. Intermediate points along the corridor include London, Kitcher, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Toronto, Kingston, Ottawa and Montreal. The main water freight route is the same on the east side of the Chicago-Rochester corridor, starting at the Detroit River but continuing east past Lake Ontario along the St. Lawrce Seaway to Quebec City and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

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Many corridors have interstate highways but no extensive passenger rail service. These highway routes pass through the core and fringe areas of the Great Lakes megalopolis. The upper Great Lakes region has a marine corridor connecting Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan. However, this route does not include parallel Amtrak passenger trains or interstate highway service.

Interstate 70 follows the southern border of the megaregion. It runs from Kansas City to just south of Pittsburgh through St. Louis, Indianapolis, Dayton, Ohio and Columbus, Ohio.

Interstate 96 serves traffic between the Detroit and Grand Rapids metro areas. The route goes through Lansing on the way and continues to Muskegon northwest of Grand Rapids

Interstate 69 stretches from Evansville to Martinsville, Indiana. From there, the route is a temporary arterial highway, Indiana State Road 37, to the Interstate 465 beltway around Indianapolis. From there, I-69 continues and continues west of the Windsor-Quebec City Corridor, crossing the Canadian border and becoming Ontario Highway 402, which eventually leads to Highway 401. Intermediate points include Fort Wayne, Indiana and Lansing, Flint and Port Huron, Michigan/Sarnia , Ontario.

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Interstate 75 runs from Saginaw, Michigan, to Cincinnati via Detroit, and Toledo, Lima, and Dayton, Ohio.

Waterways connecting Duluth, Minnesota and western Lake Superior with points east and south include the Soo Locks connecting Lake Huron, south to Port Huron MI/Sarnia ON or through the Straits of Mackinac to metropolitan areas around Lake Michigan.

Includes all metropolitan areas with a population of 150,000 or more according to

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