Maxim Gun Wwi - The Vickers machine gun or Vickers gun is a British .303 (7.7 mm) water-cooled machine gun manufactured by Vickers Limited, originally for the British Army. The gun was manned by a crew of three, but usually required more manpower to move and operate it: one fired, another fed the ammunition, another carried the gun, its ammunition, and spare parts. Helped to go.
It was in service from before World War I until the 1960s, with air-cooled versions on several Allied World War I fighter aircraft.
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The weapon had a reputation for great durability and reliability. Ian V. Hogg, in Arms and Machines of War, describes an action in August 1916, during which the British 100th Company of the Machine Gun Corps used their Vickers guns to provide continuous fire for twelve hours. Fired. Using 100 barrels, they fired a million rounds without a single malfunction. "It was this utterly unbelievable confidence that cost Vickers every British soldier who ever fired a single shot. It never broke; it just kept firing and coming back for more." "
The Maxim Gun's Devastating Firepower Changed Warfare Forever
The Vickers machine gun was based on the successful Maxim gun of the late 19th century. After purchasing the Maxim Company outright in 1896, Vickers took the design of the Maxim gun and improved it, inverting the mechanism as well as making it lighter and easier to operate and using higher strength connections for certain components. He lost weight. Also added a muzzle booster.
The British Army officially adopted the Vickers gun as their standard machine gun on November 26, 1912 as Gun, Machine, Mark I, Vickers, .303 inch.
With the outbreak of World War I there were shortages and the British Expeditionary Force was still equipped with maxims for France in 1914.
As a result, the price went down a lot. As the war progressed and numbers increased, it became the main machine gun of the British Army and was used on all fronts during the conflict. When the Lewis gun was adopted as a light machine gun and issued to infantry units, the Vickers guns were redesigned as heavy machine guns, withdrawn from infantry units and placed in the hands of new machine gun corps groups. carried out (weighing 0.5 in/12.7 mm caliber machine. Guns appeared, tripod-mounted, rifle-caliber machine guns such as the Vickers were further reclassified as "medium machine guns"). After World War I, the Machine Gun Corps (MGC) was disbanded and Vickers returned to infantry units. Before World War II, there were plans to convert the Vickers gun from rimmed to rimless bullets as part of a mass conversion. One of the challenges was the 7.92 mm Besa machine gun (British-made Czech design ZB-53), which eventually became the British Army's standard tank-mounted machine gun. However, the Vickers remained in service with the British Army until 30 March 1968. Its successor in UK service is the British L7 variant of the FN MAG general purpose machine gun.
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Cockpit of a Bristol Scout biplane in 1916, showing a Vickers machine gun synchronized to fire through the propeller from an early Vickers-Challger switchgear.
In 1913, a Vickers machine gun was installed in the experimental Vickers E.F.B.1 biplane, perhaps the world's first purpose-built fighter aircraft. However, when the production version, the Vickers F.B.5, entered service the following year, the armament was changed to the Lewis gun.
During World War I, the Vickers gun became the standard weapon on British and French military aircraft, especially after 1916, initially in a single gun configuration (Nieuport 17, SPAD VII, Sopwith Triplane), later war I grew to a standard two-armed. . Fighters (Nieuport 28, SPAD XIII, Sopwith Camel), with exceptions such as the S.E.5, which had the same synchronized Vickers and a Lewis gun mounted on the upper wing. Although heavier than the Lewis, its closed-bolt firing cycle made it much easier to synchronize to allow it to fire through aircraft propellers. The belt feed was closed at the entrance to the gun to prevent the effect of wind. In mid-war William de Courcy Prideaux perfected ammunition belts with steel links in Britain and became the standard for aircraft guns thereafter.
In 1917 it was determined that standard rifle-caliber cartridges were less satisfactory for hitting observation balloons than the larger calibers with inder or tracer bullets. The Vickers machine gun was chambered in the 11 mm Vickers round, known as the Vickers Aircraft Machine Gun and sometimes the "Balloon Buster", and was adopted by the Allies as the standard anti-balloon weapon, which the British and French Used in it. Role up to the time of war.
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The famous Sopwith Camel and SPAD XIII types used synchronized twin Vickers, as did most British and French fighters between 1918 and the mid-1930s. In the air, heavy water-cooling systems were useless due to the low temperatures at high altitudes. airflow over the weapon (and lack of the need for sustained fire used by ground troops); But since the gun relied on extended barrel recoil, the jacket or (empty) barrel casing containing the water was retained. Several sets of louvered sheets were cut into the barrel jacket to aid air cooling, a better solution than that originally tried with the 1915 German lMG 08 aircraft ammunition.
As the machine gun armament of US and UK fighter aircraft moved from the fuselage to the wings in the years before World War II, the Vickers was replaced by a faster and more reliable gunner.
Using Browning Model 1919 metal bound cartridges. The Gloucester Gladiator was the last RAF fighter to be armed with Vickers, later replaced by Brownings.
Some British bombers and attack aircraft of World War II mounted the Vickers K or VGO machine gun, a completely different design, similar in appearance to the Lewis gun.
World War I Spandau Model 1908/15 Maxim Heavy Machine Gun
Vickers machine guns, as models E (pilot) and F (observer, pan magazine-fed), were also used in Poland, where 777 of them were converted to the 7.92×57 mm Mauser cartridge in 1933–1937. given.
Gun, Machine, Vickers, .5 inch, Mk. II was used on tanks, a development model before the Mark I. The service ceased in 1933 and became obsolete in 1944. In single or automatic firing, it had a pistol-type trigger handle instead of 0.303 (7.7 mm) gun paddles.
This variation typically had four guns mounted in one housing with 360° rotation and (+80° to -10°) elevation. The strap was twisted into a spiral and placed on hoops next to each gun. The heavy plain bullet weighed 1.3 oz (37 g) and was good for a range of 1,500 yd (1,400 m). The maximum rate of fire for the Mark III was about 700 rpm from a 200-round belt in a drum. They were installed from the 1920s onwards, but proved to be of little practical use. During World War II, a 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) naval version was also installed in turrets on small watercraft, such as motor gunboats and torpedo boats.
The Mark IV and V guns were improvements on the Mark II. Built for British light tanks, some were used during the war in truck mounts by the Long Range Desert Group in the North African campaign.
Weapons On Land
Vickers were widely sold commercially and saw service with many nations and their specialized ammunition. It was also modified for each country and served as the basis for many other weapons.
Australian soldiers of the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, use a Vickers gun during a battle near Chipyeong-ni during the Korean War in February 1951.
The Union of South Africa retained a large number of surplus Vickers machine guns after World War II. During the Angolan civil war many were donated to the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) and the National Union for the General Independence of Angola (UNITA).
A small quantity re-chambered for 7.62mm NATO ammunition remained in active service with the South African Defense Force until the mid-1980s, when all were moved to reserve storage.
Icm35675 Wwi Soviet Maxim Machine Gun (1910/30),1/35 From Ukraine
Six were withdrawn from storage and reused by the South African Liaison Team working with UNITA during the Cuito Cuanavale battle, after which the weapons were eventually withdrawn.
By the early 1900s, the U.S. Army had a mixed arsenal of submachine guns in use including the M1895 "potato diggers", 287 M1904 Maxims, 670 M1909 Bét-Mercié guns, and 353 Lewis machine guns. In 1913, the United States began searching for a highly automatic weapon. One of the weapons considered was the British Vickers machine gun.
The Board of Ordnance and Fortification held a meeting on 15 March 1913 to consider the adoption of a new type of machine gun. Compared to the automatic service rifle [Bét–Mercié], the proposed guns demonstrated a sufficiently significant advantage in military service to warrant their further consideration in field testing. The Board is of unanimous opinion that the Vickers rifle caliber weapon, Light Model,
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